如何利用社会关系来有效控制机会主义行为——基于外部环境不确定性的调节作用研究

How to Use Social Relations to Control Opportunism—— Study on the Moderating Effects of External Environment Uncertainty

由于契约的不完备性以及权力使用所存在的局限性,文章以中国情境下最为典型的治理手段——社会关系(包括商业关系和政府关系)为切入点,深入探讨了其对机会主义行为的影响。同时,治理手段的有效性是取决于作用情境的,因此,文章进一步讨论了行业环境与法律政策环境不确定性的调节作用。通过对172个企业间关系样本的分析发现:(1)经理人的商业关系和政府关系都可以有效地抑制机会主义行为;(2)随着行业环境不确定性水平的提升,经理人的商业关系和政府关系对机会主义行为的抑制作用会增强;(3)而随着法律政策不确定性的提升,经理人的商业关系对机会主义行为的抑制作用会增强,而政府关系对机会主义行为的抑制作用会减弱。文章结论对于如何有效地利用经理人的外部社会关系来抑制机会主义行为有着重要的理论和实践意义。

Due to the incompleteness of contracts and weakness of power use,this paper starts from the most typical governance mechanism in China-social relations( business relations and government relations) and deeply discusses the impact of social relations on opportunism behaviors. Meanwhile,the effectiveness of governance mechanism are context based,therefore the paper further investigates the moderating effects of uncertainty in industrial environment and law and policy environment. According to the analysis of inter-firm relations from 172 firms,the results suggest that( 1) both business and government relations of managers could effectively inhibit opportunism behaviors;( 2) with the increasing uncertainty of industrial environment,the inhibitory effects of business and government relations on opportunism behaviors enhance;( 3) with the increasing uncertainty of law and policy,the inhibitory effects of business relations on opportunism behaviors enhance,while the inhibitory effects of the government relations on opportunism behaviors weaken. The results of the paper have great theoretical and practical significance on how to effectively utilize external relations of managers to inhibit opportunism behaviors.