油气管道焊接残余应力超声无损检测与原位调控技术

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing and in situ regulation technology of residual stress for oil and gas pipelines

基于声弹性理论,本文研究了油气管道中超声波与应力的关系,分析了超声临界折射纵波产生的原理、方法和技术。为了确保检测值的准确性和可溯源,进一步研究了超声波残余应力检测的校准技术,建立了超声应力检测与校准系统;研究了高能超声与残余应力场的相互作用关系,通过有效控制高能声束和声激励模式改变构件表面和内部残余应力场状态,实现了对在役机械构件局部残余应力分布的原位消减和控制,提高了服役机械构件整体强度、抗疲劳和耐腐蚀能力,增强了构件使用寿命、安全性和可靠性,并在油气管道焊接残余应力的检测和调控中得到了应用。

Based on acoustoelasticity theory,the relationship between ultrasonics and stress in oil and gas pipelines is researched. Further,the principle,method and technology of ultrasonic critically refracted longitudinal waves are analyzed. In order to ensure accuracy of test results and realization of quantity traceability,the calibration technology of ultrasonic testing for residual stress is studied. Then the ultrasonic stress testing and calibration system is established. For in situ regulation of residual stress,the interactive relationship between high energy ultrasonics and the residual stress field is studied. It is seen that the surface and internal component residual stress states are changed by effective control of the high energy beam and excitation mode. Finally,the in situ reduction and control of local residual stress distribution in mechanical components in service is realized. Thus,the whole strength,anti-fatigue and corrosion resistance of mechanical components in service are improved,and the service life,safety and reliability of components are also enhanced. This technology now is used in testing and regulation of oil and gas pipeline welding residual stress.