小麦蛋白酶解液不同干燥工艺理化指标分析

Study on physicochemical indexes of wheat protein hydrolysate by different drying methods

研究两种不同干燥方式下小麦酶解蛋白理化性质的差异,为小麦酶解蛋白的工业化生产提供相关依据。以发酵罐为反应器,采用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase对小麦蛋白进行酶解,获得富含谷氨酰胺的酶解液。分别利用直接喷雾干燥和流化床载体干燥工艺制备小麦酶解蛋白,并分析检测其各项理化指标。结果表明,喷雾干燥制备的小麦酶解蛋白的水分含量为6.2%、粗蛋白含量为78.23%、肽含量为59.13%、有效谷氨酰胺含量为16.66%、三氯乙酸氮溶指数为81.06%,干燥成品呈乳白色粉状;流化床干燥成品水分含量为11.14%、粗蛋白含量为22.49%、肽含量为5.04%、有效谷氨酰胺含量为2.03%、三氯乙酸氮溶指数为28.99%,干燥成品呈黄色细小颗粒状。喷雾干燥成本高、操作时间长、成品得率小,但是成品有效谷氨酰胺含量高;流化床干燥成本低、工艺简单、成品得率大,但是成品有效谷氨酰胺含量较低,两种工艺可用于制备不同使用目的的小麦酶解蛋白。

The difference of physicochemical properties of wheat protein hydrolysate in 2 different drying conditions was studied in order to provide basic data for the industrial production of wheat protein hydrolysate. Gluten was hydrolyzed by Alcalase,using the fermentation tank as a reactor to obtain the hydrolyzate which was rich in glutamine. Wheat protein hydrolysate was prepared by spray drying or fluidized bed drying. The physicochemical indexes were investigated. The results showed that by spray drying,the content of moisture,protein,peptide,effective glutamine and TCA- NSI were 6. 2%,78. 23%,59. 13%,16. 66%,and 81. 06% respectively,and the dried product was white powder; by fluidized bed drying,the data were 11. 14%,22. 49%,5. 04%,2. 03% and 28. 99% respectively,and the dried product was yellow fine granular. Spray drying was more complicated to operate,time- consuming and expensive than fluidized bed drying,but it had higher effective glutamine. The two drying metheds could be used in different area for preparing wheat protein hydrolysate.