农村人口离农进程的国际比较与借鉴

The Comparison and Reference of China Rural Population Giving Up Agriculture and Leaving Countryside in an International Prospect

中国正处于农村人口向城市转移、打破城乡二元结构的关键阶段,面临巨大的人口压力和高额的市民化成本,农村人口转移必须有序推进。从对典型发达国家、新型工业化国家和金砖发展中大国在经济发展过程中农村人口离农不同动因分析出发,探究其向城市外迁、农村内部工业化等多维离农方式,概述其强化"三农"基础地位、盯住"三化"协同发展和全力避免"过度城市化""伪城市化"等离农经验和教训,为我国农村人口离农提供参考和借鉴。

China, which is at a critical stage at which rural people are moving to towns and cities and breaking the urban-rural dual structure, is confronted with a huge population pressure and suffering an extremely high cost of citizenization. Such a situation requires that the transfer of rural population to urban areas should be realized in an orderly way. This paper analyzes the motivations out of which rural people give up agriculture and shift from countryside to town and city in the course of economic development in certain typical developed countries, new-type industrialized countries and great developing BRIC countries, on this basis makes an exploration of the ways rural people give up agriculture and leave countryside, such as the rural people's out-migration to cities and the industrialization of rural interior, gives a brief count of the experience and lessons learned from rural people's giving up agriculture and leaving countryside: The fundamental status of agriculture, countryside and farmers should be strengthened, close attention be paid to the coordinated development among industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and every effort be made to avoid 'extreme urbanization' and 'pseudo-urbanization'. All the experience and lessons above are all hoped to provide reference for our rural population transfer from agriculture and countryside.