清代以来武夷茶盛衰的历史原因剖析

On the Boom and Bust of China Wuyi Tea Since the Qing Dynasty

清代武夷茶达到极盛,至清末渐失竞争力,民国时期陷入低谷,新中国改革开放后,武夷茶再度中兴。武夷茶在近代崛起除了自身品质提升外,还归因于俄、英等国对茶叶大量需求及武夷茶外销之路的打通。清末以后武夷茶衰落则是茶区战乱困扰、苛税重压和印度、斯里兰卡等新兴产茶国的竞争所致。新中国改革开放后武夷茶再度中兴归功于品牌策略和茶文化项目的推动。

Wuyi tea reached its zenith in the Qing dynasty, began to lose its competitiveness gradually in the late Qing Dynasty, fell to a low in the period of the Republic of China and has risen again since China carried out the policy of reform and opening to the world in the late 1970 s. The reasons for the boom and bust of Wuyi tea since the Qing Dynasty are analyzed in the respects of the historical environment of society,the international competition, the domestic environment of production, transportation and marketing and its own flaws as well. The new rise of Wuyi tea in modern times is mainly due to the improvement of its own quality.Besides, both lots of demand from such countries as Russia and Britain and the opening of channels to export make much contribution. The reason for the bust of Wuyi tea in the late Qing Dynasty and the period of the Republic of China lies in factors, such as frequent wars in Wuyi-tea-producing areas, heavy burdens of tax and competitions from such emerging countries as India and Sri Lanka. And the resurgence of Wuyi tea since China reforming and opening to the world owes much to the brand-driven strategy and the promotion of tea culture.