大豆的烟草环斑病毒(TRSV)生物学性状的鉴定

IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TOBACCO RING SPOT VIRUS IN SOYBEAN

大豆的烟草环斑病毒(TRSV),系种子带毒传病,它是引起产量严重损失的大豆病毒病害之一。我国是否发生未见报道。本研究系在美国依阿华大学采用该地分离的毒原,对大豆 TRSV 的生物学性状如毒原繁殖、病毒接种指示植物鉴定及寄主范围、病毒汁液性质的常规测定等进行了试验。所得结果为:大豆的烟草环斑病毒接种于豇豆叶上产生红褐枯斑;接种于黄瓜叶上产生淡黄环斑,系统性;接种于普通烟—白贝菜(White Burley)叶上,初形成同心纹环斑,后转为系统轻花叶症;接种于克利夫兰烟叶上也是先生同心环斑,后转为轻花叶症,在蔓陀萝叶上表现花叶症;在千日红叶上表现褪绿小枯斑等。TRSV 的寄主范围颇广;茄科、藜科、豆科、葫芦科均受侵染,但不侵染禾本科和茄科及豆科里某些品种。其失毒温度为60℃;稀释限点为10^(-6)(但在10^(-3)时侵染率已下降);体外存活11天。

The tobacco ring spot virus of soybean is a very serious seed borne disease in American soybean field.Whether it is occurring in China or not is uncertain.This research treats of the biological properties of TRSV in soybean.The results are as follows. The TRSV infection of different parts of different indicator plants had varied symptoms:red ring spots appeared on cowpea leaves,light yellow ring spots on cucumber cotyledons,mosaic symptoms on the leaves of Datura stramonium,small chlorotic ring spots on Gomphrena globosa;on tobacco of white burley leaves first emerged concentric ring spots,a few days later these changed into systematic light mosaic symptoms. The TRSV had a wide spectrum of host.It could infect Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae,Amaranthaceae,Chenopodiaceae and leguminosae,but did not infect Gramineae.The thermal inactivation point for TRSV was 60℃; dilution endpoint 10^(-6),although the infection began to weaken at 10^(-3); survival period in vitro 11 days.