不同水土保持措施对土石质山区减水减沙效果的影响

The Sediment and Runoff Reduction Effect under the Different Soil and Water Conservation Measures in the Earth-rock Mountains

为了确定水土保持措施对土石质山区减水减沙效果的影响,针对梯田、横垄耕作、水平槽、鱼鳞坑、自然修复等7种不同水土保持措施和对照坡进行降雨量、径流量和泥沙量的观测,分析不同水土保持措施产沙产流的规律。结果表明:不同降雨量的坡面措施产流产沙效果各不相同,在降雨量达到一定程度时,不同措施的减水效果依次为:水平槽>鱼鳞坑>大豆梯田>密植横垄耕作>水平梯田>疏植横垄耕作>自然修复坡>对照坡;不同措施减沙效果依次为:水平槽>鱼鳞坑>大豆梯田>水平梯田>密植横垄耕作>自然修复坡>疏植横垄耕作>对照坡。降雨量和不同水土保持措施的产流产沙量呈显著的线性关系。

In order to determine the soil and water conservation measure effects on runoff and sediment reduction in the earth-rock Mountains, the rainfall, runoff and sediment loads were observed in contrast slope and seven different soil and water conservation measures including terraces, transverse ridge tillage, horizontal trough, fish scale pit, natural repair and so on. According to the observation we have found the law of the sediment yield and runoff yield under the different soil and water conservation measures. The results showed that the runoff yield and sediment yield were different under the different rainfall measures in the slope. When the rainfall reaches a certain degree, the runoff reducing effect under the different measures is: horizontal groove > scale-hole terrace > soybean planting terrace > dense planting transverse ridge tillage > horizontal terrace > sparse planting transverse ridge tillage > natural repair slope > contrast slope. The sediment reducing effect under the different measures is: horizontal groove > scale-hole terrace > soybean planting terrace > horizontal terrace > dense planting transverse ridge tillage > natural repair slope > sparse planting transverse ridge tillage > contrast slope. The relationship between the rainfall and the runoff and sediment yield under the different soil and water conservation measures is significantly in linearity.