在校大学生无偿献血的态度与认知的调查——以南京地区部分医学院校为例

Investigation on attitude and cognition of unpaid blood donation among college students in some medical colleges in Nanjing

目的了解医学院校在校大学生对无偿献血的态度和认知,分析其中的影响因素,提高大学生无偿献血的参与度。方法于2016年5月4日—2016年11月10日在南京中医药大学、南京医科大学等几所南京地区医学院校自制问卷,问卷内容包括基本信息、献血经历、献血态度及影响因素、对献血及其相关法律的认知。对在校大学生随机发放调查问卷,采取不记名方式填写,最后回收问卷并进行统计分析。结果调查结果显示,参与本次调查的在校大学生中,有献血经历的占19.36%。其中,男同学献血的参与度显著高于女同学(P<0.001)。进行年级分析发现,献血率最高的为研究生及以上的同学(42.1%),其次为大三(27.5%)和大二(22.4%)的同学。大学生献血动机各不相同,最重要的原因是认为自己身体好,应该去帮助别人。近八成的学生认为公民无偿献血是有必要的,并且对有无偿献血经历的人群产生敬佩感(67.54%)。但大部分学生对于无偿献血存有顾虑,主要是担心自己的安全和对献血机构的不信任,部分学生是由于没有合适的献血机会。无献血经历的学生表示,在安全和其他条件允许的情况下,愿意无偿献血(86.1%)。部分学生对无偿献血事业缺乏足够认识,61.1%的同学认为家人或自己受益能提高自己献血积极性。学生对无偿献血知识的了解主要来源于网络媒体,而绝大部分非医学专业的学生对血液循环、血液再生以及献血对人体的益处不了解。结论调查结果表明,医学院校在校大学生对无偿献血的态度是积极的,部分学生对无偿献血有关知识的了解与认识不足,安全便捷的献血环境也是影响大学生参与无偿献血积极性的重要因素。

Objective To understand the attitudes and cognition of unpaid blood donation in medical college students,to analyze the influencing factors,and to improve the participation of college students in voluntary blood donation.Methods We made the questionnaire which included basic information,blood donation experience,attitudes and influencing factors,cognition of blood donation and its related laws. Questionnaires were randomly distributed to the college students,and filled in anonymously. Then,the questionnaires were collected,and the data was sorted and analyzed.Results The survey results showed that 19. 36% students experienced blood donation. Among them,there were much more male students than the females( P < 0. 001). In addition,we also analyzed the grade difference. The results demonstrated that the most participants were postgraduate students( 42. 1%),the next was the junior( 27. 5%) and sophomore students( 22. 4%). The motivation of college students to donate blood was different,and the most important reason was that their body was good so they should help others. Nearly 80% of the students thought that the voluntary blood donation was necessary,and 67. 54% of them had a sense of admiration towards the blood donors. But most of them concerned for blood donation,and they mainly worried about their own safety and distrust of blood donation institutions. In addition,some students did not have the opportunity to donate blood for lack of opportunities. If safety and other conditions allowed,86. 1% of the students would be willing to do it. They had acquired the knowledge of unpaid blood donation which mainly came from the network media,and most of the non-medical students do not understand the benefits of blood donation to the body,including the blood circulation and blood regeneration. Conclusion The results revealed that medical college students' attitude toward unpaid blood donation was positive. Some of them are lack of understanding on blood donation.Besides,safe and convenient environment is one of the important reasons that limited their enthusiasms of participation.