乳腺外科医学生医患沟通技能现况调查及教学相关探讨

Investigation and discussion on the current situation of doctor-patient communication skills of breast surgery students

目的调查分析乳腺外科医学生医患沟通技能的影响因素,提高医患沟通技巧。方法采用自设问卷调查118名2012—2013级蚌埠医学院第一附属医院乳腺外科临床实习医学生对影响医学生医患沟通技能因素和提高医患沟通技能方法的看法。结果发放问卷118份,回收问卷118份,有效问卷回收率为100%。在影响医患沟通的因素中,90.7%的医学生认为专业知识重要,89.0%认为交际能力重要,86.4%认为心理因素重要,84.7%认为临床经验重要,83.0%认为自信心重要,79.3%认为语言通俗性重要,74.5%认为患者及患者家属因素重要,66.9%认为临床工作量重要,61.9%的医学生对沟通重要性的认知程度欠缺,37.3%认为沟通态度重要,只有22.0%认为人文知识重要。提高医患沟通技能的方法按支持率高低为临床带教92.6%,医患沟通技能培训专题讲座85.1%,医患沟通技能理论课82.3%,标准化病人81.9%,提高诊疗水平80.7%。认为最有效提高的方法为临床带教。结论医学生普遍认为影响乳腺外科医患沟通技能的因素众多,但大部分医学生对医患沟通重要性的认识欠缺,且很少人意识到人文知识和沟通态度的重要性,要加强医学生以上三方面的认识和能力培养。

Objective To improve doctor-patient communication skills by investigating and analyzing the influencing factors of doctor-patient communication skills of breast surgery students. Methods A total of 118 clinical practice medical students in department of breast surgery of the first affiliated hospital of Bengbu medical college were investigated by self-designed questionnaire on factors influencing doctor-patient communication skills of medical students and methods to improve doctor-patient communication skills. Results A total of 118 questionnaires were distributed and 118 were recovered. The effective recovery rate was 100%. Among factors that affect doctor-patient communication, 90.7% medical students thought that professional knowledge was important, 89.0% thought communication ability was important, 86.4% thought that psychological factors was important, 84.7% thought that clinical experience was important, 83.0% thought confidence was important, 79.3% believed that language popularity was important, 74.5% thought that patients and patients families factors were important, 66.9% thought clinical work was important, 61.9% of medical students lacked awareness of the importance of communication, 37.3% thought communication attitude was important, and only 22.0% thought the humanities knowledge was important. The methods of improving doctor-patient communication skills were clinical teaching(92.6%), special lecture doctor-patient communication skills training(85.1%), doctor-patient communication skills theory course(82.3%), standardized patient(81.9%), and improving diagnosis and treatment level(80.7%) according to the support rate. The most effective method for improvement was clinical teaching. Conclusion Medical students generally believed that there were many factors influencing doctor-patient communication skills in department of breast surgery, but most medical students lacked the awareness of the importance of doctor-patient communication, and few people realized the importance of humanistic knowledge and communication attitude, so it was necessary to strengthen the awareness and ability cultivation of the above three aspects in medical students.