宁波地区50岁及以上人群眼病流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of ophthalmopathy among adults aged 50 years or above in Ningbo

目的了解宁波地区50岁及以上人群眼病患病率及其相关危险因素,对致盲眼病及低视力患者进行调查研究,分析宁波地区眼病的流行病学特点。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,于2015年3月—2016年7月在宁波地区随机抽取50岁及以上人群6 059人作为调查对象,予以问卷调查、视力、眼压、电脑验光、显微镜裂隙灯、眼底镜检查。分析各种眼病的患病率,评估主要致盲眼病。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行统计学分析,行χ~2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果抽样6 059例,实际检测5 448例,应答率为89.9%。在5 448名受检者中发现翼状胬肉、白内障、眼底疾病、青光眼、屈光不正和角膜病患病率分别为14.34%、23.22%、12.81%、1.08%、38.00%和2.06%。单眼和双眼盲患病率为0.95%和0.17%,单眼和双眼低视力患病率为3.34%和1.36%。白内障依然是盲与低视力的主要原因。χ~2检验结果显示年龄(χ~2=1 127.873,P<0.05)、户外工作(χ~2=60.568,P<0.05)、居住环境(沿海与内陆社区,χ~2=71.859,P<0.05)、糖尿病(χ~2=10.193,P<0.05)对白内障患病率的影响差异有统计学意义,而高血压(χ~2=3.149,P>0.05)、吸烟(χ~2=0.202,P>0.05)、饮酒(χ~2=0.179,P>0.05)对白内障患病率差异无统计学意义。χ~2检验显示年龄、有无高血压病、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒对眼底病患病率差异的影响有统计学意义(χ~2=377.049,30.619,302.620,26.928,6.826,均P<0.05),而户内外工作、海边内陆生活环境(χ~2=2.336,0.165,均P>0.05)对眼底病患病率差异无统计学意义。结论该研究显示宁波地区50岁及以上人群常见眼病患病率及主要致盲眼病患病情况,为宁波地区各家医院眼科医疗资源分布和制定疾病诊疗技术的主攻方向提供了参考依据。

Objective To assess the prevalence, causes and risk factors of ocular diseases of the people aged 50 years or older in Ningbo. Methods Random cluster sampling strategies were adopted in a population-based and epidemiological investigation of ophthalmopathy from March 2015 to July 2016 in Ningbo. Six thousand and fifty-nine subjects aged 50 years or older were selected. All the participants underwent a face-to-face questionnaire interview and detailed eye examination. To assess the prevalence of various ophthalmopathy and the causes of major blinding ophthalmopathy, ocular examinations included measurements of visual acuity, direct ophthalmoscopy, intraocular pressure(IOP), silt lamp examination, fundus photography, and computer optometry. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 19.0 software for χ~2 test, P<0.05 was significant difference. Results In 6 059 eligible persons, totally 5 448 individuals were examined. Response rate was 89.9%. The ratio of pterygium, catarace, fundus diseases, glaucoma, refractive error and keratopathy was 14.34%, 23.22%, 12.81%, 1.08%, 38.00% and 2.06%. He ratio of bilateral blindness and low vision was 0.95% and 3.34 respectively, the ratio of unilateral blindness and low vision was 0.17% and 1.36%. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness. Age, outdoor occupation, environment(coastal and land), diabetes had statistically significance on the prevalence of cataract(all P<0.05). Age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, drinking had statistically significance on the prevalence of fundus diseases(all P<0.05). Conclusion These data will provide key information about the prevalence of major ophthalmopathy and major causes of blinding eye diseases in the Ningbo and which can be used for planning a reasonable distribution of medical resources and the strategies for the prevention and treatments of blindness in Ningbo.