论实验人员的安全防护能力及其复合培养模式

Safety Protection Capability of Experimenters and Its Comprehensive Training Mode

实验人员应该具备足够的防范与应对实验危险的能力,基础安全知识只是该能力'拼图'的一部分,安全教育应该从知识的传授向能力的培养转变。提出了安全防护能力(Safety protection capability,SPC)的概念,并系统论述了SPC的5个构成要素,包括8个方面的安全意识、两类安全知识、危险因素的综合分析能力、安全防护方案的设计能力、安全防护方案的验证与实施能力。同时,还提出了从安全防护基础知识学习、风险性实验的纸上推演到风险性实验的实战强化的复合培养模式。4年的实践证明,该培养模式让学生的安全防护能力获得了提升。

Experimenters should have enough capability to prevent and deal with risks in experiments.Basic safety knowledge is only one part of the'puzzle'of this capability.Safety education needs to change from imparting knowledge to training capability.This paper puts forward the concept of safety protection capability(SPC),and systematically discusses the five components of SPC,including eight aspects of safety awareness,two kinds of safety knowledge,analysis capability of risk factors,design capability of protection scheme,verification and implementation capability of the protection scheme.This paper also proposes a comprehensive training mode,which asks students to learn the basic knowledge of safety protection firstly,then to deduce the experiments theoretically,and to practice the experiments in reality.Four-year practical experience has proved that this training mode enables students to obtain an improvement of SPC.