工科大学生创新能力培养的项目教学法探索与实践——以土木工程专业为例

Project-based Teaching Method and its Practice for the Training of Innovation Capacity of Engineering Undergraduates——The case of civil engineering

新工业革命和新技术的快速发展,为工科专业注入了新元素,新工科的理念对工科大学生创新能力的培养有了更高的要求。介绍了项目教学法的基本概念及其在各工科专业的教学实践情况,阐述了其在工科大学生自主学习智能、综合应用能力、实践创新精神、团队协作意识等方面能力培养的意义。依托工科专业实践类课程,以创新能力培养为目标,设计了'问题定向学习的项目准备、探究导向学习的项目实施及多主体评价的项目评价三阶段与讨论、调查、学习、分析、试验及展示六环节'的项目教学法框架。最后,以土木工程专业为例,围绕全国大学生结构设计竞赛,从项目准备、实施和评价3个阶段开展教学活动,并通过学生实践类活动成绩的跟踪调查进行了教学法的效果评述。

Because of the rapid development of the new industrial revolution and new technologies,new elements have been introduced into engineering disciplines.The concept'new engineering disciplines'has a higher demand on the training of the innovation capacity of engineering undergraduates.Firstly,the paper introduces the basic contents and applications in engineering disciplines of the project-based teaching method,and clarifies the importance of the method in cultivating engineering undergraduates in four aspects,i.e.,autonomous learning intelligence,synthesis application ability,innovational practice spirit and group cooperation capacity.Then depending on innovative practices of college students and aiming at innovation capacity cultivation,a'Three Stages,Six Steps'framework of project-based teaching method is developed.Lastly,focusing on the National Structure Design Competition of civil engineering,the teaching activities are conducted in three stages which are project preparation,project execution and project assessment.The effectiveness of the practices is discussed based on the tracking survey of the students’achievements in practice activities.