廊坊市和呼和浩特市PM_(2.5)浓度及呼吸系统疾病患病率比较

Comparison of PM_(2.5) concentration and incidence rate of respiratory diseases between Langfang City and Hohhot City

目的探讨高PM_(2.5)地区居民呼吸系统疾病患病率情况。方法选取廊坊市、呼和浩特市居民共2 139名填写呼吸系统流行病学调查表,统计2016年两地呼吸系统疾病患病率,比较两地区患病率差异。收集2013-2016年两地区年均PM_(2.5)浓度,根据呼吸系统疾病患病率探讨呼吸系统疾病和PM_(2.5)的相关性。结果廊坊市年均PM_(2.5)浓度[(97.34±8.41)vs.(44.50±9.61)(μg/m^3),t=8.278,P<0.001]、AQI[(135.33±5.40)vs.(77.67±9.70),t=10.39,P<0.001]明显高于呼和浩特市。2016年廊坊市鼻炎(30.92%vs. 19.63%,χ~2=36.137,P<0.001)、鼻敏感(17.11%vs. 6.60%,χ~2=56.536,P<0.001)、咽炎(27.44%vs. 19.26%,χ~2=20.042,P<0.001)、急性上呼吸道感染(23.81%vs. 20.02%,χ~2=4.499,P=0.034)、支气管炎(9.12%vs. 5.49%,χ~2=10.411,P=0.001)、哮喘(5.73%vs. 3.81%,χ~2=4.337,P=0.037)、COPD(7.33%vs. 1.21%,χ~2=49.194,P<0.001)、肺炎(9.12%vs. 3.07%,χ~2=34.352,P<0.001)、间质性肺病(6.86%vs. 0.56%,χ~2=59.721,P<0.001)患病率均高于呼和浩特市。廊坊市51～岁(8.28%vs. 0.63%,χ~2=10.923,P=0.001)、61～岁(8.57%vs. 1.55%,χ~2=13.416,P<0.001)、71～岁(15.92%vs. 2.67%,χ~2=26.929,P<0.001)年龄组人群COPD患病率高于呼和浩特市。21～<31岁人群哮喘患病率呼和浩特市高于廊坊(10.26%vs. 1.27%,P=0.040),71～岁人群哮喘患病率廊坊高于呼和浩特市(8.57%vs. 2.67%,χ~2=8.446,P=0.004)。廊坊市PM_(2.5)浓度与鼻炎、咽炎、上感呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论廊坊市年均PM_(2.5)浓度、呼吸系统疾病患病率高于呼和浩特市。

Objective To investigate the incidence of respiratory diseases in residents of regions with high PM2.5 concentration.Methods A total of 2,139 residents in Langfang City and Hohhot City were selected to fill in an epidemiological questionnaire regarding respiratory system.The incidence rates of respiratory diseases in the two cities in 2016 were calculated,and the differences of the incidence rates between the two cities were compared.The annual average concentration of PM2.5 in the two cities during 2013-2016 was collected.The correlation between respiratory diseases and PM2.5 was explored based on the incidence rates of the two cities.Results The average annual concentration of PM2.5[(97.34±8.41)vs.(44.50±9.61)(μg/m3),t=8.278,P<0.001]and air quality index(AQI)[(135.33±5.40)vs.(77.67±9.70),t=10.39,P<0.001]were higher in Langfang City than in Hohhot City.The incidence rates of rhinitis(30.92%vs.19.63%,χ2=36.137,P<0.001),nasal hypersensitivity(17.11%vs.6.60%,χ2=56.536,P<0.001),pharyngitis(27.44%vs.19.26%,χ2=20.042,P<0.001),acute upper respiratory tract infection(23.81%vs.20.02%,χ2=4.499,P=0.034),bronchitis(9.12%vs.5.49%,χ2=10.411,P=0.001),asthma(5.73%vs.3.81%,χ2=4.337,P=0.037),chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder(COPD)(7.33%vs.1.21%,χ2=49.194,P<0.001),pneumonia(9.12%vs.3.07%,χ2=34.352,P<0.001)and interstitial lung disease(6.86%vs.0.56%,χ2=59.721,P<0.001)in Langfang City in 2016 was higher than those in Hohhot City(all P<0.05).The incidence rates of COPD in the age groups of 51 years and above(8.28%vs.0.63%,χ2=10.923,P=0.001),61 years and above(8.57%vs.1.55%,χ2=13.416,P<0.001)and 71 years and above(15.92%vs.2.67%,χ2=26.929,P<0.001)in Langfang City were higher than those in Hohhot City.The incidence rate of asthma in the population aged 21-30 years in Hohhot City was higher than that in Langfang City(10.26%vs.1.27%,P=0.040).The incidence rate of asthma in the population aged 71 years and above in Langfang City was higher than that in Hohhot City(8.57%vs.2.67%,χ2=8.446,P=0.004).The concentration of PM2.5 was positively correlated with rhinitis,pharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection(P<0.05).Conclusions The average annual concentration of PM2.5 and the incidence rate of respiratory diseases are higher in Langfang City than in Hohhot City.