2016年山东省成人高血压患病的空间分布研究

Spatial distribution of prevalence of hypertension in adults in Shandong Province, 2016

目的探讨2016年山东省高血压患病率的空间分布模式及特征,寻找高发的热点地区,为疾病防控与优化医疗资源配置提供依据。方法应用Arc GIS 10.1软件,运用自然间断点等级分布图、Moran’s I空间自相关、LISA检验及Getis-Ord Gi~*统计等地理空间分析方法,探讨2016年山东省高血压患病的空间分布状况。结果山东省的高血压患病率居于中高水平,且存在地域差异。山东省高血压的患病率东北部、西北部、西南偏高,鲁中部偏低;在整体上存在明显的空间正相关(I=0.48,Z>1.96),呈聚集性分布;邻近地区的高血压患病率存在局部空间自相关,某些局部地区之间的患病情况不均衡,威海市存在高高相邻的分布模式,潍坊市周围存在低低相邻的分布模式;威海市形成高血压患病的热点区域,烟台市形成较显著的热点区域。结论山东省的高血压患病率具有明显的地域分布规律,空间数据分析方法对其研究具有强大的优势,结果具有较大的实用价值。

Objective To explore the spatial distribution patterns and characteristics of prevalence rate of hypertension in Shandong Province in 2016,to look for hot spots of high incidence,and to provide a basis for preventing and controlling the disease and optimizing the allocation of medical resources.Methods ArcGIS 10.1 software was used in this study.Spatial distribution of prevalence of hypertension in Shandong Province in 2016 was analyzed from the perspective of geography by using the natural breakpoint level distribution map,Moran’s index of spatial autocorrelation,local indicators of spatial association(LISA)test and Getis-Ord Gi*hot spot analysis.Results The prevalence rate of hypertension in Shangdong Province was at the medium-to-high level,and showed regional differences.The prevalence rate of hypertension was found to be higher in the northeast,northwest and southwest areas of Shandong Province,but lower in the midland.There was an obvious positive correlation(I=0.48,Z>1.96)on the whole spatial distribution of the prevalence rate of hypertension;moreover,it showed an aggregated distribution.The prevalence rate of hypertension in adjacent areas existed local spatial autocorrelation,but the prevalence in some areas was unbalanced.There were high adjacent distribution patterns in Weihai City,but low adjacent distribution patterns around Weifang City.Yantai City became a significant hot spot in the prevalence of hypertension,followed by Weihai City.Conclusions The prevalence rate of hypertension in Shandong Province has an obvious regional distribution law.The spatial data analysis method has a strong advantage for its research,and the results have great practical values.