改革开放以来中国共产党治港治澳理论的法治化方向与体系化建构

Legalization Orientation and Systematic Construction of CPC's Governing Theory of Hong Kong and Macao since Reform and Opening up

改革开放之初,邓小平创立的"一国两制"构想和依法治港治澳理论,确定了治港治澳的法治化方向,顺利解决了港澳问题。其后,历届中央领导继承、发展和完善了对港澳的依法治理理论。江泽民强调基本法的高度权威性和正当性,提出在特别行政区实行行政主导体制;随着港澳回归祖国、平稳过渡,"一国两制"在港澳落地生根,由伟大构想变成伟大现实。2002-2012年,"一国两制"实践面临重大考验,胡锦涛要求将保持港澳长期繁荣稳定作为新形势下治国理政的重大课题,要求在全面准确理解和贯彻"一国两制"方针的基础上,维护基本法的权威,坚定支持特区政府和行政长官依法施政。党的十八大以来,在有效应对港澳社会出现的各种新情况新问题过程中,习近平不断推进依法治港治澳的实践创新与理论创新,强调宪法和基本法共同构成特别行政区的宪制基础,坚持维护中央的全面管治权和特别行政区高度自治权有机结合,不断完善与基本法相关的制度机制,丰富发展了我党对依法治港治澳规律性的认识,构建了全面、完善和成熟的依法治港治澳理论体系。

At the beginning of the reform and opening up, DENG Xiao-ping’s concept of 'one country, two systems'and the theory of law-based governance of Hong Kong and Macao have determined the direction of law-based governance of Hong Kong and Macao, and successfully solved the Hong Kong and Macao issue. Since then, successive central leaders have inherited, developed and improved the theory of law-based governance of Hong Kong and Macao. JIANG Ze-min emphasized the high authority and legitimacy of the Basic Law and proposed an executive-led system in the Special Administrative Region. With the return of Hong Kong and Macao and the smooth transition, the concept of 'one country,two systems' has taken root in Hong Kong and Macao and turned from a great concept to a great reality. From 2002 to 2012, the practice of 'one country, two systems' faced a major test. HU Jin-tao called for maintaining Hong Kong and Macao’s long-term prosperity and stability as a major issue in governing the country under the new situation. He called for the maintenance of the authority of the Basic Law on the basis of comprehensive and accurate understanding and implementation of the 'one country, two systems' principle. He called for firm support of the SAR Government and the Chief Executive in administering the government according to law. Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in order to effectively cope with various new situations and new problems arising in Hong Kong and Macao society, XI Jin-ping has continuously promoted the practice innovation and theoretical innovation of law-based governance of Hong Kong and Macao. XI Jin-ping emphasizes that the Constitution and the Basic Law together form the constitutional basis of the Special Administrative Region. He adheres to the maintenance of the central government’s full wide governance power along with the high degree of autonomy of the special administrative region. He has continuously improved the systems and institutional mechanisms related to the Basic Law. He has enriched and developed our Party’s understanding of law-based governance of Hong Kong and Macao, and has achieved a comprehensive, perfect and mature theory system construction of law-based governance of Hong Kong and Macao.