乡村振兴背景下贫困治理的职业教育价值和策略

On the Values and Strategies of Vocational Education for Poverty Governance Against the Background of Rural Revitalization

实现乡村振兴战略,消除贫困是基础。职业教育和培训精准扶贫的价值追求与乡村振兴战略目标具有高度的吻合性。在后精准扶贫时代,我国贫困群体呈现了新的特征,对职业教育和培训提出了新的更高要求;与此同时,职业教育扶贫实践遇到了困难,主要是:培训对象难以精准甄别,部分贫困群体"边缘化";职业教育吸引力有待提升,扶贫成效"悬浮化";贫困群体缺乏培训意愿,贫困治理"低效化";职业教育扶贫协同不力,扶贫主体"单一化"。为了提升职业教育和培训精准扶贫效能,必须重视扶贫主体参与,注重赋权提能;明确多元反贫实践主体,重视乡村精英培育;凸显技术治理价值,提升精准扶贫效能;构建反贫教育共同体,形成贫困治理新格局。

Poverty elimination is the foundation to realize the rural revitalization strategy. The value pursuits of vocational education and the targeted poverty alleviation training highly tally with the objective rural revitalization strategy. In the post targeted poverty alleviation era, the poverty group in China presents new features, which bring forward new and higher requirements for vocational education and training. Meanwhile,the poverty alleviation practice of vocational education encounters some difficulties, among which the main difficulties are as follows. First of all, it is hard for the accurate screening of trainees and some poverty groups are 'marginalized'. Secondly, the synergy of poverty alleviation by vocational education falls short and the subjects of poverty alleviation becomes 'simplified'. In order to promote the efficacy of vocational education and training for poverty alleviation, it is a must to attach more importance to the participation, empowerment and ability improvement of poverty alleviation subjects, identify diversified subjects for antipoverty practice,emphasize rural elite education, highlight the value of technological governance, improve the efficacy of poverty alleviation and construct a community for antipoverty education as well as to form a new pattern of poverty governance.