格律:昆曲之魂—《习曲要解》研读一得

Melody, the Soul of Kunqu Opera:A Study Result from An Essential Interpretation of Learning Kunqu Opera

昆曲大师俞振飞之遗作《习曲要解》对昆曲唱念要领作了精到的阐述,而贯穿于全文的乃是一个"律"字。昆曲每支曲牌的平声、仄声和韵位完全支配于曲牌个体的声腔音乐,故昆曲对于"四声阴阳"的坚守可以保证曲牌个性的实现。格律是昆曲之魂,昆曲一旦失律也即失魂,即离散了昆曲本体。这样的作品即使获了大奖、享了名声,仍与"正宗"无缘,最终将贻笑乃至贻害于后世。

Yu Zhenfei,a master of Kunqu Opera,elaborated the essentials of Kunqu opera singing and reciting in his masterpiece An Essential Interpretation of Learning Kunqu Opera,and the word'rhythm'runs through the center of the whole article.The flat tone,dull tone and rhythmical place of each Qupai in Kunqu Opera completely dominate the individual vocal music of each Qupai.Therefore,Kunqu Opera’s adherence to'four tones of Yin and Yang'can ensure the realization of the unique characteristics of each Qupai.Rhythm is the soul of Kunqu Opera.Once Kunqu Opera loses its rhythm,it discards the spirit of Kunqu Opera.Such works,even though they have won great prizes and enjoyed fame,still have no connection with'authenticity',and will eventually be laughed at or even bring harm to future generations.