“话语的论定”与“存在的回归”——论儒道佛三家之会通及其对现代化之后的可能反思

"Argument of Discourse" and "Regression of Being" ——On the difference and combination between Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism, and its possible reflection after modernization

本文旨在经由"存在"与"话语"的深层反思,论证儒道佛三家思想之区别与融通的可能,及其在现代化之后作出贡献的可能。首先,从"分别说"的话语层次上升到"非分别说"的存在层次,对比探讨儒道佛三教对现代性文明的疗愈作用。其次,从宋明理学排斥佛老到当代儒佛论争,经由熊十力《新唯识论》、牟宗三《现象与物自身》的启发,提出了"存有三态论",由"存在的根源"到"存在的彰显",落实到存在的对象物即"存在的执定"。再次,儒道佛之融通,既要回归原典,指出东方文明的可贵之处在于回到存在本身,能够"言已于无言",从"分别相"回到"无分别相",强调人的参赞化育原本不离存在本身。同时,对比西方思想家对于现代性的思考,最后总结为《道言论》,期许中国文明在21世纪能与西方文明展开更多交谈对话之可能,对现代化之后,能起着一定的疗愈作用。

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the difference and the possibility of combination among the three thoughts of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, and the possibility of contributing after modernization, through the deep reflection of 'Being' and 'discourse'. First of all, rise from the level of discourse of 'discriminately speaking' to the level of Being of 'non-discriminately speaking' to discuss the healing effect of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism on modern civilization. After the neo-Confucianism rejected Buddhism and Taoism in Song and Ming dynasty and contemporary argument of Confucianism and Buddhism, inspired by Xiong Shili’s New Consciousness-Only Doctrine and Mou Zongsan’s Phenomenon and Thing-in-Self, the author puts forward the 'three status of Being', which contains ' source of Being', ' manifestating of Being', and ' persistence of Being '. Combination among Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism need to return to the original text, and point out that the preciousness of Eastern civilization lies in returning to Being itself to 'speak without words' and to return to 'non-discriminate phase' from 'discriminate phase', which emphasizes that human’s participation in fostering cannot leave Being itself. At the same time, comparing Western thinkers’ thoughts about modernity, the author concludes with 'Daoyan Doctrine', which hopes that Chinese civilization can engage in more conversations and dialogues with Western civilization in the 21 st century to give out a certain healing effect after modernization.