春秋时代《诗》的流播和接受——仅以《左传》为例

The Book Of Songs-- the Dissemination and Acceptance

《诗》从有意识的累积———采诗、献诗到最后编定 ,“观风俗、知得失、自考正”的目的明确之后经过了一个不断强化推广过程 ,并被纳入礼的范畴 ,成为“经夫妇、成孝敬、厚人伦、美教化、移风俗”的工具。正是在此目的的导引下 ,《诗》最初的流播是自上而下、自王公大臣而诸侯卿士、自统治中心向周边辐射并呈现出中心坍缩、边缘扩张的景象 ,而围绕此目的的“国子”教育导致《诗》之《雅》《颂》在流播中占据了统治地位。此目的还造成了《诗》最初之接受只能是功用性接受和阐释性接受 ;这种接受采用“断章取义”的方法 ,并不是对《诗》的被动记忆和理解 ,而是主动地参与和发挥 ,虽为后人理解《诗》原意设置了障碍 ,却替《诗》的接受写下了辉煌的一页。

The process of the compilation of the book is a process of its collecting and popularization from the upper class to the lower people. The book has been used as a tool to advocate the moral codes of the feudal society. The process is also one of having more and more people as part of the creating, which has made it one of the most wonderful masterpieces even though it has been laying a lot of obstacles in understanding its original meaning.