陕西红富士苹果矿质营养DRIS标准研究

Study on the diagnosis with DRIS norm of mineral elements in Fuji apple in Shaanxi province

通过对60个红富士苹果园叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe等6种元素含量的测定和统计分析表明,苹果产量和品质是叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe等元素含量综合作用的结果;通过主因素分析,各因素对产量的影响顺序为:产量(Y1):x3(K)>x2(P)>x1(N)>x4(Mg)>x5(Ca)>x6(Fe);对可溶性固形物浓度(Y2)的影响顺序为:x4(Mg)>x3(K)>x6(Fe)>x1(N)>x5(Ca)>x2(P);对硬度(Y3)的影响顺序为:x1(N)>x6(Fe)>x3(K)>x4(Mg)>x2(P)>x5(Ca);对>80%果面红色果占有率(Y4)的影响顺序为:x3(K)>x2(P)>x1(N)>x4(Mg)>x5(Ca)>x6(Fe);对低产组(产量<22500kg/hm2)大量元素需肥强度影响最大的为K,占该组的53.4%,对中量元素需肥强度影响最大的为Ca和Mg,均占该组的40%;对高产组(产量≥22500kg/hm2)DRIS重要参数的表达式为N/K、P/N、K/P,Ca/Mg、Fe/Ca、Fe/Mg,N/K、Ca/K、Ca/N,K/P、Fe/P、Fe/K,Ca/K、Mg/K、Ca/Mg,根据试验结果制定出红富士苹果园N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe的DRIS适宜指数范围分别为-8.355～23.011、-13.784～22.078、-12.772～9.544、-2.114～11.532、-2.503～8.902、-4.617～5.291;各园的需肥顺序用图示法和指数法判断,其结果一致。

The foliar samples were respectively collected from 60 Fuji apple orchards,which were classified as the highyield group (≥22 500 kg·hm-2) and lowyield group (<22 500 kg·hm-2).N?P?K?Ca?Mg?Fe contents in apple leaves were determined and statistically analyzed.The results showed the yield and quality of apple were comprehensive effects of N?P?K?Ca?Mg?Fe contents in apple leaves.Based on the analysis of main factors of the function model,the responses of apple to the six factors were in order of yield (Y1):x3(K)>x2(P)>x1(N)>x4(Mg)>x5(Ca);soluble solids density (Y2):x4(Mg)>x3(K)>x6(Fe)>x1(N)>x5(Ca)>x2(P);hardness(Y3):x1(N)>x6(Fe)>x3(K)>x4(Mg)>x2(P)>x5(Ca);>80% of red surface fruit (Y4):x3(K)>x2(P)>x1(N)>x4(Mg)>x5(Ca)>x6(Fe).They also showed that the maximally required nurtrients in the low yieldgroup are K as macroelements and Ca,Mg as mediummicro elements,respectively accounting for 53.4%,40%,40%.The authors obtained the DRIS important parameters for expressing nutrition of the high yieldgroup as being N/K?P/N?K/P,Ca/Mg?Fe/Ca?Fe/Mg,N/K?Ca/K?Ca/N,K/P?Fe/P?Fe/K,Ca/K?Mg/K?Ca/Mg.So the DRIS exponent classification norms of the apple orchards were laid down,and the suitable exponent for N?P?K?Ca?Mg?Fe ranges were -8.355~23.011?-13.784~22.078?-12.772~9.544?-2.114~11.532?-2.503~8.902?-4.617~5.291.And the sequence of fertilizer requirement strength judged by the scheme method and exponent method were consistent with each other.