2001苹果雌蕊授粉特性研究

STUDY ON THE POLLENATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PISTILS OF 2001 APPLE

采用荧光显微观察和石蜡切片显微观察的方法研究了2001苹果雌蕊的受精时间、胚珠花期的发育过程等。结果表明:2001苹果胚珠从开花前2天形成八核胚囊开始到开花第9天卵细胞、中央细胞解体消失之前都具有受精能力;开花第1天、第2天的雌蕊授粉到受精所需时间为84h,开花前2天、开花前1天、开花第3、4天的雌蕊授粉到受精所需时间为96h,开花第5天的雌蕊授粉到受精所需时间为108h。同等发育程度的2001苹果雌蕊用金冠、新红星花粉授粉后坐果率无显著差异。开花前20天至开花第2天的雌蕊授粉后花序坐果率高达72 83%～75 92%,花朵坐果率分别为67 32%～68 11%、52 66%～53 87%,极显著高于开花第4天的雌蕊;开花第4天的雌蕊授粉后花序坐果率、花朵坐果率分别为60 47%～60 83%、41 96%～43 65%,开花第3天、开花第4天的雌蕊授粉坐果率极显著高于开花第5天的雌蕊,开花第6天以后的雌蕊授粉坐果率极低,花朵坐果率小于15%,不能满足生产要求。因此,2001苹果雌蕊的有效授粉期是开花前2天至开花第5天,最佳授粉期是开花前2天至开花第3天。

Studies were given to the pollenation date of 2001 apple's pistil and ovule's development in the florescence with microscope of fluorescence and olefin-slice.The results showed that 2001 apple's ovule can be pollinated from 2d before blooming to 9d after blooming that is from 8s embryo come into being to egg and center-cell disappearing. The pistil's pollenation needs 84h from 1d to 2d afer blooming. It needs 96h from 2d 1d before blooming and from 3d to 4d after blooming,it needs 108h 5d after blooming. The fruit setting is no different when 2001 apple to be pollinated with Golden Delious and Starkrimson. The fruit setting of inflorescence is 72.82%～75.92% and the fruit setting of flower is 53.60～56.07% when the pistil to be pollinated from 2d before blooming to 2d after blooming. It is singnificantly higher than that of other date's pollenation. The fruit setting of inflorescence is 67.32%～68.11% and the fruit setting of flower is 52.66%～53.87% when the pistil to be pollinated 3d after blooming.It is singnificantly higher than that of the 4d'pollenation. The fruit setting of inflorescence is 67.32～68.11% and the fruit setting of flower is 52.66%～53.87% when the pistil to be pollinated 3d after blooming.It is singnificantly higher than that of the 4d'pellenation. The fruit setting of inflorescence is 60.47%～60.83% and the fruit setting of flower is 41.96%～43.65% when the pistil to be bollinated 4d after blooming.It is singnificantly higher than that of the 5d' pollenation. The fruit setting of flower is lower than 5%,so it can not full the product's needing. So we consider that the pollention's date of 2001 apple from 2d before blooming to 5d after blooming is effective, and the best date is from 2d before blooming to 3d after blooming.