露天矿大型排土场水蚀控制的径流分散概念及其分散措施

The concept and measures of runoff-dispersing on water erosion control in the large dump of opencast mine

以安太堡露天煤矿排土场16a水土保持实践为基础,通过调查观测,对半干旱黄土区露天矿大型排土场水蚀控制进行了分析研究,提出了排土场水蚀控制的径流分散概念及其分散措施,将排土场以适当方式分割成若干径流分散单元,使暴雨径流在各单元间均匀分散,入渗转化为土壤贮水,并在分散单元内实施径流调节,从而避免了暴雨径流大量汇集造成的冲蚀和灌缝.系统的径流分散措施可有效地控制排土场水蚀,并有利于植被的快速建立.

On the basis of soil and water conservation practice of 1985～2003 in the dump of Antaibao opencast coal mine located in the north of Shanxi Province, the water control of large dump in semi arid loess area is studied by investigation and observation. The concept and measures of runoff dispersing on water erosion control are proposed. Runoff dispersing is to divide the whole dump into many runoff dispersing units in a suitable way, which makes the runoff disperse evenly and makes the runoff reallocated in each unit at the same time. The runoff seeper will infiltrate into the soil, thus the water erosion and the runoff flowing into the fissures will not occur. Systematic runoff dispersing measures can reduce the water erosion effectively, and can help to establish vegetation in the dump as early as possible.