城市生态足迹计算与分析——以广州为例

Calculation and analysis of urban ecological footprint: a case study of Guangzhou

生态足迹是近年来较为流行的定量测度人类对自然利用程度的新方法。生态足迹分析可定量反映城市人类活动对自然生态环境产生的压力和影响程度 ,为城市生态系统研究提供了新的思路和研究方向。本文以广州市为案例 ,估算 2 0 0 0年广州市的生态足迹 ,并分析了1 995～ 2 0 0 0年间广州生态足迹动态变化过程。结果表明 :2 0 0 0年广州市生态足迹为 2 5ha/人 ,当地生态承载力为 0 2ha/人 ,生态足迹是生态承载力的 1 2倍半 ;近 5年间万元GDP生态足迹逐年下降 ,但人均生态足迹略有上升。这说明广州市总体上经济发展方式正逐步由粗放型转变为集约型 ,但今后仍需注重提高其资源利用效率 ,提倡节约型的生产和生活消费模式 ,减少其生态足迹 ,逐步迈向生态城市 ,实现城市的可持续发展。

Human is dependant on biosphere, which provides steady supplies to human life, including not only economic activities and resources used on life, ecological aggradations capacity of assimilating waste materials, but also many non consuming life supporting services This consumption and affecting extent of human activities on natural ecosystems is called “Ecological Footprint(EF)” EF is a new prevailing method to quantify the stress on natural ecosystems from human activities in recent years To introduce EF analysis into urban ecosystem research is a new idea and direction, for it can quantify the pressure and effect of urban economic activities on natural ecosystems, by which we can judge the health situation of urban ecosystems Numerous papers dealing with EF have been published in China in recent years, but few of them on urban EF studies This paper estimated the present EF and analyses the trends of change in the past 5 years by taking Guangzhou city as a case.The results indicated that, Guangzhou's EF and carrying capacity in 2000 are 2 5 ha/cap and 0 2 ha/cap respectively And during 1995 2000 EF per ten thousand yuan GDP tends to decrease, while EF per capita tends to increase This shows that Guangzhou economic development model is transferring from extensive to intensive, but policy makers should focus on improving use efficiency of resources, calling for saving pattern in human production and consumption, and trying lessening EF in the future ecological construction, which can make Guangzhou step toward eco city and achieve sustainable development