流感药物治疗的临床思维

The mode of thinking on pharmaceutical treatment of influenza

本文探讨流感药物治疗临床思维的基础和要点。流感药物治疗包括病因治疗 (抗病毒药 )、对症治疗和并发症治疗三部分。药物治疗临床思维的基础包括 (1)病情 :诊断是否明确 ,有何症状和是否发生并发症 ;(2 )病人 :病人的生理和病理情况 ,如年龄、性别、身高、体重、职业、营养、妊娠、哺乳、伴发症、过敏史、既往病史和伴随用药等 ;(3)药物 :主要包括抗病毒药、解热镇痛药、缩血管药、抗组胺药和止咳祛痰药五类。要掌握每类常用药作用机制、药代动力学、药效学、剂型、给药途径、剂量、给药间隔、疗效、不良反应和药物相互作用等。药物治疗临床思维的要点如下 :(1)药物的选择 ;(2 )剂型和给药方法 ;(3)调整剂量 ;(4)决定疗程 ;(5 )处理并发症 ;(6 )考核疗效 ;(7)

To explore the bases and main points of the thinking on pharmaceutical treatment of influenza in this paper. Antivirotic, symptomatic treatment and controling complication are main parts of the treatment of influenza. The bases of the thinking on pharmaceutical treatment of influenza are as follows: (1) the characters of disease, especially what kinds of symptoms and complications; (2) the features of patients, such as age, sex, height, weight, occupation, nutrition status, pregrency, breastfeed, accompanying diseases, anaphylaxis history, past history and simultaneous medication; (3) drugs used and their features, eg mechanism of effects, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dosage form of drug, route of administration, dose, interval of dosing, therapeutic efficacy, adverse effects and interaction of drugs. The main contents of thinking on pharmaceutical treatment of influenza include the selection of drugs, the choice of dosage form and method of administration, the adjustment of dose, determing course of treatment, observing adverse reaction, the treatment of complication and evaluating therapeutic efficacy.