透皮给药制剂研究

Development of transdermal delivery system

药物的透皮给药主要受到药物的分子量和亲水/油性等因素的影响.将药物制成前体药物,或用脂质体、传递体或环糊精及其衍生物将其包埋等措施改变药物的亲水/油性,同时,辅以离子导入、超声波导入、电致孔等物理促渗方法以及氮酮和丙二醇等化学促渗剂,可有效提高药物(尤其是生物大分子药物和复方中药)经皮给药效率.因此,有效的透皮给药制剂必须从药物、药物载体、药物透皮吸收促进剂及粘性支撑材料等各组成入手,结合药理与疗效等进行综合研制.此外,阐明了典型中西药透皮给药制剂的给药机理和特点,对国内外有关中西药透皮给药制剂及其各组件的研究现状和发展趋势进行了探讨.

This article discussed the mechanisms, characteristics, as well as the developmental state and trends of some typical transdermal delivery system(TDS) of Chinese traditional and/or western medicines. The transdermal delivery of a drug(TDD) mainly depends upon its molecular size and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. The efficient improvement of TDD(especially biomacromolecular drugs and Chinese compound medicines) can be made by embedding the drug by some loposome, transfersome or cyclodextrin, providing the drug in form of specific prodrug, and simultaneously using some physical means, e.g. iontophoresis, ultrasound or/and electroporation and some chemical agents, e.g., azone and propyleneglycol. Therefore, preparation of an efficient TDS needs to study comprehensively each component of the TDS including the medicine, carrier, enhancer, and cohesive supporting materials, as well as their physiological, kinetic, and curative effects.