儿童对他人情绪与过去经验的关系的认知

Children's Early Knowledge About Links Between Prior Experience and the Emotion of Other Persons

用设置故事情景的方法对儿童对他人情绪与过去经验的关系的认知进行了实验研究。研究表明,4～7岁儿童能够认知他人情绪与过去经验的关系,认知能力随年龄的增长不断提高。情绪效价和情绪情景的匹配性影响儿童对他人情绪与过去经验关系的认知。4、5岁儿童更能认识到正性情绪情景条件下体验到负性情绪的他人情绪与过去经验的关系,其得分显著高于其它情绪情景故事和行为故事。

By presenting stories featuring a target character who felt sad, mad, or happy after an event in the past and who many days later felt the same negative or positive emotion upon seeing a cue related to the prior incident, the authors investigated children's early knowledge about links between prior experience and the emotion of other persons. The results showed that 4- to 7-year-olds could recognize the connections between prior experience and emotion and there existed significant development with the increase of age. Emotion valence and emotion situation match both influenced the early knowledge about links between prior experience and the emotion of other persons. 4- or 5-year-olds displayed a better understanding of the links between prior experience and the negative emotion of other persons experienced under a positive condition. And they made higher scores than in other emotion stories or behavior-cueing stories.