攻击型受欺儿童的社会行为与心理调节

The Social Behavioral and Cognitive Deficit of Aggressive Victims

本文通过对488名上海市小学四五六年级学生,采用同伴提名、教师评定、自我评定以及假设情境测验等方法,确定了攻击型受欺者,并考察了性别差异、社会行为特点、心理调节等方面。研究发现,在中国的文化背景下可以通过同伴提名的方法来确定攻击型受欺者,在性别上同样存在明显差异;攻击型受欺儿童明显具有同伴拒绝、缺乏自信心、有孤独感等社会行为特征;攻击型受欺者在社会认知上存在心理失调,表现在社会归因和应对风格上;同伴友谊是影响同伴受欺状况的重要因素。

The purpose of this study was to investigate peer victimization of children. We identified- 18 Aggressive Victims (Avs) out of 479 students from grades 4 to 6 of primary school in Shanghai. These Avs represented a distinct and potentially high-risk group and experienced adjustment problems in multiple domains of functioning. We found that in the Chinese context we could identify the Avs in the same way as the western studies did. We could use the similar criteria and get consistent sexual difference. These Chinese children had behavior profiles similar to those of Western children identified as Avs. We examined their social behavior from three perspectives: submissive/withdrawn behavior, assertative/prosocial behavior, and hyperactive behavior. The Avs in the Chinese peer groups were less submissive or withdrawn than other students with the exception of passive victims in the current study. They had lower social preference scores, hostile intent and attribution, and maladapted coping styles, than other subgroups of Chinese children in our study. We also found that friendship had a substantial buffering effect against peer victimization.