论康德对卢梭自由观的批判

On Kant's Critique of Rousseaus Thought of Freedom

康德的自由思想源于卢梭 ,却又不同于卢梭。康德认为卢梭在内在自由领域内放弃了自由的自主性质 ,将自由归结为自然 ,视情感性的良心为自由的原则。康德将自由视为理性为自身设定的理想 ,自由的原则乃是理性所颁布的先天道德律。从二人自由观的差异可见 ,康德在批判卢梭自由观的基础上 ,不仅挽救了自由的自主性质 ,而且还从多个方面阐发了自由的这一根本性质 ,从而完成了对卢梭自由观的批判。

Kants thought of freedom comes from that of Rousseaus, but also alienates it. Kant realized that, in the field of inner freedom, Rousseau abolished the its property of self-determination, but attributed freedom to nature and emotional conscience as principle of freedom. Kant viewed freedom as an ideal set up by reason for itself, and principle of freedom as the transcendental moral law prescribed by reason. From the difference in the views of freedom by the two, we can draw a conclusion that, on the basis of critique against Rousseaus thought of freedom, Kant not only saved its property of self-determination, but also carried it forward from all points of view, so that he completed the critique against Rousseaus thought of freedom.