鼻筛眶骨骨折后继发畸形的二期重建

Secondary reconstruction of post-fracture deformities in the nasal-orbital ethmoid region

目的 探讨鼻筛眶骨骨折继发畸形的修复方法。方法 手术采用头皮冠状切口入路或邻近瘢痕切口入路 ,充分显露额鼻眶区骨折部位 ,用小裂钻行眶内缘弧形截骨 ,将突起的骨折块截除并打磨平整 ,缩窄两眶内缘之间的宽度。根据需要用 2～ 3条自体颅骨外板叠加塑成鼻支架 ,在鼻根部用微型钛板将支架固定于额骨鼻突。充分松解内眦韧带与邻近组织的瘢痕粘连 ,避免复位时存在张力 ,必要时于眶底处充分剥离松解眶骨骨膜并纵行切开减张 ,使内眦韧带尽量在无张力的情况下牵拉复位至泪囊窝后上方 ,用钢丝穿经鼻骨固定。采用自体颅骨外板或高密度多孔聚乙烯(Medpor)修复眶内壁及其它眶壁缺损 ,矫正眼球内陷畸形。结果 1996年 12月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月 ,共治疗严重鼻筛眶骨骨折晚期继发畸形患者 34例 ,其中同时合并眶颧骨折 12例、额骨骨折 4例、LeFortⅢ型骨折 1例及LeFortⅡ型骨折 1例。所有患者术后畸形均获明显改善。结论 鼻筛眶骨骨折后期继发畸形手术的重点在于应用自体骨重建鼻背骨性支架 ,重塑鼻背轮廓 ;双侧眶内缘骨折突起截骨缩窄 ,内眦韧带复位固定和内眦整形矫正创伤性内眦距增宽 ,恢复鼻根部高度与内眦间距的协调比例关系 ;同时眶壁植骨矫正眼球内陷畸形。

Objective To study the surgical reconstruction of secondary fracture deformities of the nasal-orbital ethmoid area. Methods Typical bicoronal and subciliary incisions or the adjacent scar incision were employed to expose the fractured area. The flattened nasal bone was narrowed by curved osteotomy along the medial orbital rims and trimed with a bur. 2～3 pieces of cranial outer table were used to reconstruct the nasal framework, which were fixed to the frontal bone with mini-plates. After the medial orbital wall and orbital floor were exposed, the herniated orbital contents were released and reduced to the orbital cavity. The fractured orbital walls were repaired precisely with autogenous cranial outer table or Medpor. The medial canthal tendons were anchored superior-posteriorly to the lacrimal fossa with transnasal wires. Results From December 1996 to December 2001, 34 cases of severe nasal-orbital ethmoid fracture deformities were repaired with this technique. Of them, 12 cases had combined orbital-zygomatic fracture, 4 cases had fontal sinus fracture, 1 case had Le Fort II and 1 case had Le Fort III fracture. All the patients recovered well and their facial appearance improved greatly. Conclusions The key points for surgical reconstruction of the periorbital post-fracture deformities are narrowing the flattened nasal root by curved osteotomy, the nasal framework reconstruction with autogenous bone graft, the orbital wall repair to correct enophthalmos, and most importantly, the medial canthal tendon reduction and canthal plasty. ;