恩格斯的“哲学共产主义”质疑

Engels's Query on Philosophical Communism

国内外学术界有部分学者认为,恩格斯在"两个转变"的过程中经过了一个"哲学共产主义"阶段,他曾经是赫斯的追随者和"哲学共产主义"的信徒,他这一阶段的共产主义思想是以费尔巴哈人本主义为基础的空想共产主义。这种观点的科学性很值得怀疑。恩格斯在新世界观的形成中,确曾受到过"哲学共产主义"的影响,但是,他以思想演进的独特路径和建立在实践基础上的理性思维,超越了"哲学共产主义"和费尔巴哈人本主义。恩格斯这一阶段的共产主义思想虽不成熟,但就其实质而言,是正在形成中的科学共产主义。

Some scholars, both at home and abroad, believe that Engels experienced the 'two transformations' in his life as a follower of 'philosophical communism' for, like Heres, his communist ideology at that time was a utopian one based on Feuerbach's humanism. However, this viewpoint is scientifically doubtful. It was true that Engels used to be affected by 'philosophical communism' in the formation of his world outlook, but the fact was that he successfully surpassed 'philosophical communism' and Feuerbach's humanism by taking a unique path in ideological evolution and thinking rationally on the basis of practice. Immature as Engels's communist ideology was in essence at this time, it was well on the way to scientific communism.