愁如大海酒边生——论郁达夫的旧体诗

On Yu Da - fu's Old - style Poems

文学的最终家园是美学。郁达夫的旧体诗,以思想和情感为文学的立场,纯然情绪的自然呼吸,逸出了为宣传的文学的理智怪圈,而发酵为呕心血、耗生命的梦境。达夫的旧诗,可以说近绍龚自珍、黄仲则、苏曼殊,口吻、神情、风调、气质,均有逼肖之处。其诗情绪的调子,是自伤自怜,敏感绝望之中,又含有敢于自决、书剑飘零的袅袅悲慨,以及于醇酒妇人的人生消遣中寻绎出来的无尽感喟。达夫旧体诗的奇味,可以说是受了他革命理想、才子人格、士夫遗裔(名士作派)的三重挟制,梦萦近事,却又心痛无寄,慷慨使气中每多踟蹰伤感。耿介正直而备受排挤,屡遭挫折而绝顶热肠,身世的牢愁结合哀时抚事的忧愤,造成他的忧郁总有一种桀骜的悲慨。达夫的诗是风华典丽而兼以郁怒清深的。

The ultimate domain of literature is aesthetics. Yu Da-fu's old-style poems, well-wrought with fresh artistic appeal and touching sentiment, are far above the poems written for art' s sake. Yu Da-fu's old-style poems bear much resemblance to those by Gong Zi-zhen, Huang Zhong-ze and Su Man-zhu in terms of tone, expression, style, temperament, etc. From his old-style poems one can discern the many facets of Yu's character: fervent but sorrowful, straightforward but rejected, frustrated but enthusiastic, etc. In a word, Yu's old-style poems are a combination of elegance and profundity.