新疆近20a风灾研究

Analysis on Gale Disasters of Xinjiang in Recent 40 years

风灾是新疆的主要气象灾害之一。新疆风灾每年平均造成2 4亿元的经济损失。依据大风对农牧业所造成的灾害事件的损失,对风灾时空变化进行评估,其重要意义在于给出了描述大风灾害损失等级划分的量化标准。研究得出:新疆风灾可比损失值随着工农业生产总值的增长而增加,而且增长速度比经济增长速度快;阿克苏、喀什风灾次数较多,强度最大,巴州重大风灾受灾次数最多,是风灾防范和灾后救助的重点地区,和田、吐鲁番因次数较多,强度较大,哈密强度较大,是风灾防范和灾后救助的次重点地区;风灾在作物生长和收获的季节4、5、6、8月份危害最大;建议增加防治风灾投入,改善生态环境,加快退耕还林、退耕还草进程,把阿克苏、喀什、巴州等作为风灾重点防范区,和田、吐鲁番、哈密作为风灾防范和灾后救助的次重点地区,4、5、6、8月份作为重点防范季节。

Gale disaster is one of the main meteorological disasters in Xinjiang. Gale disaster caused economic losses about 240 million Yuan(RMB) every year in Xinjiang. This article presents the evaluation of time and space variety of gale disasters, based on analysis of economic losses on agriculture and stock raising caused by gales. The significance of this analysis is defined criterion on gale disaster grades. The research educed that comparable losses caused by gale in Xinjiang are increasing along with the increase of GDP, and the speed of loss increase is faster than the increase of the economic development. There are more gale disasters happened in Aksu and Kashkar area, the disasters have the most intensity; and the most severe gale disasters happened in Bayingholen Mongolian Autonomous eparchy; these regions are emphases in disaster prevention and salvation. Hetian and Turpan have more gale disasters, Hami has the second intensity of gale disasters, and these regions are the second important for keep away from gale and salvation after disasters henppened. The gale disasters are most harmful during the period of crops growing and harvest, so April, May, June and August should be regard as the key months to protect against gale disaster. It was suggested that increasing investment, quickening the process of converting infield to woodland or meadow, and improving environment are main countermeasures to protect against gale disaster.