高温和噪声联合作用对职业人群血压与心电图的影响

Combined Effect of Heat and Noise on Blood Pressure and ECG Changes of Occupational Population

目的 探讨高温、噪声联合暴露工人高血压发病及心电图的改变。方法 对某矿山机械制造企业 174名男性工人 (暴露组 85人 ,对照组 89人 ) ,采用问卷、现场调查及环境监测、测量血压及描记心电图的方法。结果 暴露组高血压患病率 (4 2 4 % )明显高于对照组 (15 7% ) ,经 χ2 检验 ,差异有显著性(P <0 0 1) ,RR为 2 6 9;随工龄增加 ,高血压患病率在 10～ 19a、 2 0～ 2 9a工龄段暴露组高于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ;暴露组心电图异常者占 30 6 % ,对照组心电图异常者占 7 9% ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,RR为 3 89。结论 长时间高温、噪声作业是造成高血压和心电图异常改变的危险因素。

Objective To investigate the occurrence of hypertension(HT)and changes of ECG on workers exposed both to high temperature and noise.Methods Questionnaire on 174 male workers(exposed group 85 individuals,control group 89 individuals)and field survcy in a mining machinery plant were carried out including environment monitoring,examination of workers blood pressure and ECG.Results The prevalence rate of HT including critical HT in exposed group was 42 4%,markedly higher than 15 7% in control group.The difference was statistically significant by χ 2 test(P<0 01), with a relative risk of 2 69.With the increase in length of service,the prevalence of HT in exposed groups of 10～19 and of 20～29 years standing obviously higher than those in control group,the differences were significant(P<0 01,P<0 05).Abnormal ECG in exposed group was 30 6%,while in control group was only 7 9%.The difference was significant(P<0 01), with a relative risk of 3 89.Conclusions Prolonged exposure both to heat and noise was the risk factor for HT and abnormal ECG change.