中国近50年来日最低气温变化特征研究

Variety Characteristics of Daily Minimum Air Temperature in China in Recent 50 Years

利用1951～2000年全国241个测站1、4、7、10月(分别代表冬、春、夏、秋四季)及年平均的日最低气温资料,将中国划分为8个区域,并对不同区域在不同季节的日最低气温的变化特征进行了研究。结果发现:在全球气候变暖的背景下。日最低气温的增温是极为显著的,尤其是20世纪80年代中期之后,北方地区的增温比南方地区和青藏高原更加明显。20世纪70年代中期前后,日最低气温发生了近50年来的第一次变暖突变,此次变暖的趋势并不明显,而是以波动的形式表现出来,80年代中期后,出现了趋势极为明显的第二次变暖突变。研究不同季节的资料还发现,在南方及青藏高原地区夏季日最低气温有下降的趋势。

Based on the data of daily mean minimum air temperature of a year and January, April, July, October (standing for winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively) from 241 stations in 1951-2000, we divided the whole China into eight regions, and studied the characteristics of daily minimum air temperature in different regions and seasons. By the research we found that under the background of the global climate warming, the increase of daily minimum air temperature was remarkable. Especially in the late of the mid 1980s, the increase in the northern China was more conspicuous than that in the southern China and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. During the 50 years, the first warming catastrophe of daily minimum air temperature took place around the mid 1970s. The warming trend in this time was not significant, mainly in the form of fluctuation. There was the second warming catastrophe after the mid 1980s, the warming trend in this time was significant. By studying the data of different seasons, we still found that the daily minimum air temperature has a trend of decline in the southern China and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.