城市景观生态研究的现状与发展趋势

The Current Status of Urban Landscape Ecology Study and Its Perspectives

从城市景观格局、景观动态变化及其驱动机制、土地利用与土地覆盖变化、生态恢复与生态合理性建设和城市景观生物多样性等5个方面总结了城市景观生态研究的发展现状。从分析结果看,城市景观动态变化的驱动机制、结构与功能的生态合理性评估、格局的优化设计模式和城市发展过程中的决策支持与管理等研究领域还存在着明显的不足,难以满足城市景观生态理论和应用发展的需求,应当成为今后研究工作的重点。此外,城市景观生态研究是一个多学科的综合性研究范畴,景观生态学研究人员必须与相关学科的专家密切协作,才能够推动上述理论和应用问题的解决。

Urban landscape is the most important type of human-cultural landscape. Along with the global urbanization process, the number and area of the urban landscape keep increasing. The originality and development of the urban landscape has been always in association with intensive human activities for landscape alternation. Therefore, most landscape ecological issues emerging from human activities can be reflected during the process of the urban landscape development. Reasonable and effective resolution of these issues will be determined if the healthy development of the urban landscape as well as the socio-economic sustainable development can be achieved. The urban landscape ecology is the most active branch of landscape studies. On the basis of the recently published documents, this paper summarizes the development status quo of urban landscape ecology in 5 aspects. (1) Study on urban landscape pattern: it focuses on the whole urban landscape pattern, the gradient change characteristics, and the comparison study of urban and suburban landscape pattern characteristics. (2) Study on land use/land cover change: on the basis of discussion about relevant methodologies, this aspect pays attention to the conversion characteristics among various land use types in internal and suburban areas of a city, and makes prediction analysis on their dynamic changes. (3) Study on ecological recovery and ecological reasonability construction: it gives relevant theory and methodology solutions for problems in urban green space, city support function, and aesthetic construction. (4) Study on landscape dynamic changes: it sets up models for urban landscape dynamics, and analyzes the process rules and driving mechanisms of urban landscape change from spatial and non-spatial aspects. (5) Study on biodiversity of urban landscape: it studies the protection problems of different biological species in urban landscape, and meanwhile, discusses the ecological significance of some important species and their ecological maintenance solutions. Through analyzing the development status quo of urban landscape ecology study, we find that there exist considerable gaps in the areas as follows, driving mechanism of dynamic change of urban landscape, evaluation on ecological reasonability of structure and functions, optimized design models of landscape patterns, and decision support and management in urban development. These gaps, which limit the further theoretical development of urban landscape ecology and the application, should be the priorities areas for the future study. In addition, urban landscape ecology is a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive study category, so the research staff should work in close collaboration with scientists in other related fields, further progress in narrowing the above-mentioned gaps can be achieved.