土壤水蚀模型中的融雪侵蚀模拟研究

Review of Studies on Snowmelt Erosion in Soil Water Erosion Models

在季节性或常年积雪地区,春季积雪融化产生的径流及其造成的侵蚀占全年总侵蚀量的比例很大,同时反复进行的冻融过程会影响土壤的物理性质,如团聚体稳定性、水分传导率、抗剪切力、可蚀性等,进而加重土壤侵蚀。因此在这些地区进行融雪侵蚀预报十分必要,它主要包括融雪径流的产生,及其形成的土壤侵蚀量,冻融过程导致土壤性状的变化,以及由此造成的对土壤可蚀性的影响。本研究总结了国内外融雪侵蚀的研究现状,并分析了几个代表性土壤水蚀预报模型中的融雪侵蚀过程,提出我国部分地区土壤侵蚀模型中考虑融雪侵蚀的必要性。

Soil erosion associated with snowmelt runoff during spring thaw is relatively serious in the areas seasonally or annually covered with snow. Synchronously, freezing and thaw can affect soil physical properties, such as aggregate stability, water conductivity, soil shear strength and erodibility, thus the soil erosion increases as a result. So it is necessary to predict the snowmelt erosion in these areas, which should include the generation of snowmelt runoff, the soil loss it causes, the changes in soil properties and erodibility due to freezing and thaw. This paper reviewed the studies on snowmelt erosion, and snowmelt erosion prediction in several soil water erosion models. This paper also put forward that the snowmelt erosion should be considered when modeling soil erosion in some parts of China.