天然油菜素内酯对黄土丘陵区苹果生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of Natural Brassinolide on Growth,Development and Yield of Apple Trees

在黄土丘陵区坡地台田水肥亏缺的条件下,用4种不同浓度的天然油菜素内酯(NBR)在展叶期喷施于富士苹果叶面。试验结果表明,天然油菜素内酯处理增加了叶片相对含水量和临界饱和亏,降低了自然饱和亏、需水程度、蒸腾强度、细胞膜透性和伤害率。在不同浓度的处理中,0.30mg/L的处理效果最好,与对照相比,天然油菜素内酯处理使苹果叶片相对含水量和临界饱和亏提高了11.8%和59.7%,自然饱和亏和需水程度分别降低了42.6%和52%,蒸腾强度(12:00～14:00)降低了30%左右,细胞膜透性和伤害率各降低了9.4%和37.5%。天然油菜素内酯处理减少了叶片的水分损失,提高了苹果的抗旱性。生长末期调查发现,天然油菜素内酯处理增加了苹果叶片的长度、宽度和厚度,抑制了秋梢的萌生和生长,座果率从43.4%提高到63.3%,单株产量比对照增加了8.1%～16.8%,其中0.3mg/L的处理增产效果最为明显。

Leaves of apple trees growing in loess hill were sprayed with four concentrations of natural brassinolide. The research results showed that after apple leaves were sprayed with different concentrations of natural brassinolide, the relative water content and critical saturation deficit were increased. Natural saturation deficit, the degree of water requirement, the rate of transpiration, cell membrane penetration and injury rate were decreased. The effect of 0.3 mg/L on apple among the different concentrations of the natural brassinolide was the most obvious. Compared with control, the relative water content and critical saturation deficit were increased by 11.8% and 59.7% respectively. The natural saturation deficit and the degree of water requirement were reduced by 42.6% and 52%. The rates of transpiration at 12:00~14:00 were cut down by 30% or so. The cell membrane penetration and injury rate were dropped by 9.4% and 37.5%. Treatment of natural brassinolide reduced water loss of apples leaves and increased its drought resistance. The length, width and thickness of apple leaves were increased, and the sprouting and growing of autumn shoots were retrained. Percentage of fruit set was increased from 43.4% (control) to 63.3%, and fruit yield per tree was increased by 8.1%~16.8%, 0.3 mg/L treatment for increasing fruit yield among four concentrations of natural bassinolide was the best. 