水资源保护和合理利用生态工程战略(一)

Ecological engineering strategies for protection and rational utilization of water resources

水资源保护与合理利用生态工程的战略是:生态与整体最优原则,保障主功能,统筹兼顾,将水资源、水生态系统作为一个整体来协调发展,在协调这一有益约束和规定之下,多系统、多要素综合发展。维护和发挥生态系统的自组织作用、自我调节能力,环境容量和环境承载力可通过人为干预生态系统的结构和功能来提高或降低,但干预不能超越其自我调节能力。生态阻滞时,从源头因地因类制宜多途径地处理和利用造成水体阻滞的物质,控制它们输入水体的途径和量;同时调整水体生态系统结构和功能,多途径疏通与增加水体中阻滞物质的迁移、转化、输出和良性循环的途径和量。在生态耗竭时,因地因类制宜、多途径增加耗竭物质的输入,并尽量挖掘内部潜力,减少耗竭物质的消耗和输出,对水资源分质利用、优水优用、一水多用、重复利用,开源节流,维护生态平衡,保障地表水体及地下水量的动态平衡,维护水生境、水景观、水安全、水生态系统协调的结构和功能,硬件、软件、心件相结合,政府、科技、企业和群众相结合,寓水资源保护于生产和消费中,寓污染物处理于利用中。

The strategies are summarized. The first strategy is the observance of the ecological and global optimization principle, which means guaranteeing the main functions of water resources, taking multiple systems and factors into account, and integrating water resources with the aqua ecological system for coordinate development. The second strategy is the maintenance and full use of the self organizing function and self adjustment capacity of the ecological system, i.e. the environment bearing capacity of the ecological system can be adjusted by artificial interference of its structure and functions, the interference being smaller than the self adjustment capacity of the ecological system. Under the condition of ecological stagnancy, various approaches should be adopted for control, treatment, and utilization of the substances causing the ecological stagnancy, so as to maintain the ecological balance; under the condition of ecological exhaustion, different measures should be adopted to increase the input of the substances to be exhausted and decrease the consumption of the exhausted substances, so as to keep the ecological balance, to ensure the dynamic balance between the volumes of surface water and groundwater, and to maintain the structure and functions of the coordinate system of water environment, water scenery, water security, and the aqua ecological system.