就业替代与劳动力流动:一个新的分析框架

Employment Replacement and Labor Mobility:A New Analysis Framework

从 2 0 0 0年人口普查取得的资料看 ,2 0世纪 90年代我国中部出现连片就业萎缩地区 ,劳动力持续外流。与中部地区就业紧缩形成鲜明反差的是沿海地区工业部门就业规模的迅速扩展。在经济全球化的背景下 ,随着我国对外开放程度不断加深、外商直接投资部门不断扩展 ,沿海地区的区位优势得到充分体现 ,以劳动密集产业和高新技术产业为主的制造业发展迅速 ,这些地区正在以一种反梯度模式进行着其特殊的“再工业化”过程 ,并形成对内地国有部门和传统工业地区的刚性就业替代 ,地区差距在就业机会方面的表现十分突出。非农就业机会在地区间的转移、替代和重新分配 ,是解释我国转型时期劳动力跨地区流动的一个新的分析框架。

One of the important trends shown in the 5 th 2000 census results is that the central provinces have experienced a remarkable output of the labor force in 1990's, and a steadily decrease with the total employment is observed in most central provinces. In contrast, coast provinces expand fast with the total employment and received huge volume of immigrants. This paper suggests that the rapid economic growth in the coast provinces benefits from the economic globalization process. As manufacture and other labor intensive industries are mainly established in coast regions, the newly produced employment opportunity replaced the de facto employment in central provinces, resulting unemployment and labor outflow in these regions. This paper argues that employment replacement, instead of income level, is one of the major reasons responsible for massive labor force transfer between central and coast regions.