论畜牧业小生产者的组织化问题

Organization of Rural Smallholders in Animal Husbandry

中国农村是小生产者的一个汪洋大海。除极少数农民企业家外,无论是综合经营的农户,还是畜禽专业饲养户,从他们所经营的规模来讲,都属于小生产者。这种局面的形成有历史的原因,也有现实中我国农村中经济政策的影响。从分工和专业化的角度来看,要促进我国畜牧业的发展,提高畜牧业的生产效率,就必须促进小农户逐步走向组织化,而产业化经营正是现阶段我国小农户实现组织化经营的重要途径。农业产业化经营是一种能促进农村生产力发展水平提高的新的经营形式,其基本特征是以市场为导向,组织小农户通过生产、加工、销售一体化的经营机制,实现农业生产的集约化、规模化和商品化。

Animal husbandry has been a very important sector in Chinese agriculture since 1980's. From the early 1980's to the end of 1990's, the economical status in China had been increasing faster than before, especially on the food supply and demand. Now people consume more food from animal farm than before. China has joined the WTO. Considering historical experience in China and successful cases in other countries, China will still have a great space to develop its Animal husbandry as the government adopt proper policy, although internationalization and globalization of poultry industry can not be reversed. To promote the development of Animal husbandry, Chinese government should pay more attention to smallholders in poultry industry and help them to enlarge their animal farm's scale, to increase the investment in animal farms, and improve the environment of animal farms. Integrated companies in Animal husbandry can manage the production, processing and marketing of livestock products. They can organize most of smallholders to join their companies. The organized smallholders have competitive power both in domestic market and in international market.