虚拟企业的契约特征及其治理

The Nature and the Governance of the Virtual Corporation Contract

虚拟企业是具有独立法律地位的交易主体在具有极强互补性和专用性资产上的一种临时性组织形式。在传统理论看来 ,这种契约势必因当事人强烈的机会主义倾向而无法达成。但现实中大量存在着的虚拟企业说明 :在这种组织形式中 ,存在尚未被人们清楚认识到的有效治理机制。因此 ,以高度发达的信息传输技术和网络为基础 ,快速而准确的信息传播所形成的声誉机制 ,能有效地遏止当事人可能存在的机会主义行为 ,保证虚拟企业契约治理中的低成本。

Virtual corporation is a kind of temporary organization for the highly complementary and specific assets between the parties with independent legal status. In the traditional theories, the transaction of that kind doesn't come to terms for the opportunistic behaviors. But many virtual corporations are operating very well in reality, which means that some key governance mechanism hasn't been realized. On condition that the virtual corporation is often based on the well-developed communication system, the paper argues that reputation mechanism prevent the party from the opportunistic behaviors, which reduces the governance cost largely.