特种稻种质创新与营养特性评价

Prebreeding and Nutritive Characteristic Evaluation of Special Rice

将系谱选择和花药培养相结合 ,分别选育出具有巨胚、甜味、有色种皮、软米、香味等单一特殊性状和聚合上述 2个以上特殊性状的特种稻种质 12份 ,并对这些种质进行了营养特性评价。结果表明 ,创新的特种稻种质营养成分含量明显高于普通稻 ,其中甜黑米 15 6 9和甜红米 15 71糙米千粒重很小 (8 4g、8 2 g) ,蛋白质 (12 4 %、11 7%)、赖氨酸 (0 75 %、0 76 %)、脂肪(5 2 9%、4 86 %)、油酸 (2 15 %、1 93%)和亚油酸 (1 93%、1 86 %)、维生素B1(8 4 2mg/kg、1 6 0mg/kg)和钙含量(36 8mg/10 0 g、2 9 5mg/10 0g)较高 ;巨胚香糯 15 74和白巨胚米 15 75的胚较大 ,千粒胚重 1 4 g以上 ,胚重占糙米重的比率 8%以上 ,蛋白质 (9 9%、10 6 %)、维生素B1(3 30mg/kg、0 98mg/kg)和钙含量 (2 7 7mg/10 0 g、32 5mg/10 0g)较高 ;黑糯米 15 6 8的维生素B1(6 5 7mg/kg)、铁和锌含量 (4 0mg/10 0 g、7 2mg/10 0 g)较高 ;红米 12 0 1的蛋白质 (11 1%)、锌 (7 0mg/10 0 g)和硒 (85 4ug/kg)含量较高。巨胚、甜味、有色种皮、香味等 2个以上特殊性状的聚合是增加水稻种质营养保健功能性的有效途径之一。

Through pedigree selection and anther culture, the twelve materials of special rice combined with giant embryo and favor glutinous, sugary and pigment, dull endosperm and favor or with one special trait were bred, and their nutrient characteristics were elvaluated. The nutrient of new bred special rice was obviously richer than general rice. Sugary black rice 1569 and sugary red rice 1571 have small 1000 brown rice grain weight (8.4g,8.2g), they contains higher content of protein (12.4%,11.7%), lysine (0.75%,0.76%), lipid (5.29%,4.86%), oleic (2.15%、1.93%), linoleic (1.93%、1.86%), vitamin B 1 (8.42%, 1.60%) and Ca (36.8 mg/100g, 29.5 mg/100g). Giant embryo scented rice 1574 and giant embryo rice 1575 have bigger embryo, the weight of 1000 grain embryo was more than 1.4g, and the rate of embryo weight to brown rice was more than 8%. They contains higher content of protein (9.9%,10.6%), vitamin B 1 (3.30mg/kg,0.98mg/kg) and Ca (27.7mg/100g,32.5mg/100g). Black glutinous rice 1568 contains higher content of vitamin B 1 (6.57mg/100g), Fe(4.0mg/100g) and Zn (7.2mg/100g).Red rice 1201 contains higher content of protein (11.1%), Zn and Se (7.0mg/100g,85.4ug/kg). Combination of some special characteristics, shch as giant embryo, sugary, pigment and favor etc, was one of the effective approaches to increase nutrient of rice.