汉初吕后的“女人交易”

Empress Lu's "Woman Deal" in the Western Han Dynasty

汉高祖刘邦死后,吕后面临外有强藩、内有强臣、而惠帝为政仁慈难以控制政局的严峻形势。为了维护自己的统治,她使用了"女人交易"这种权略固本、制藩。这在一定时期内,对于制约、打击"两强"势力。加强中央集权统治、继续保持政局稳定以进一步医治秦末战乱造成的社会创伤,起了一定的作用。但反过来说,这种权略也产生了她始料不及的严重后果,即西汉王朝高层统治集团内部为争权夺利不断明争暗斗,矛盾日趋尖锐,终于在她死后不久,酿成了一场政变,使吕氏宗族随同她苦心经营的吕氏政权毁于一旦。

After the death of Liu Bang, the founder of the Western Han Dynasty, Empress Lu was faced with a serious crisis. The strong vassal states and the influential officials directly threatened the security of the centralized state power. Meanwhile, holding a benevolent attitude toward the management of government affairs, Emperor Hui in power was hard to control the political situation. In order to maintain the supreme imperial power, the Empress Lu restored to make a 'woman deal' in which woman was regarded as merchandise and was sacrificed for the political purpose. All she did had taken a certain role in a certain time. The deal helped her restrict and strike those threatening forces, enhance the centralized state power and continually maintain the stable political situation, and furthermore cure the huge wound caused by the war broken out in the Qin Dynasty. However, this kind of tactic also produced unexpected serious consequences, evoking both open and covert struggles for power inside the high-rise dominance group. The contradictions among them intensified day by day. Not long after the death of Empress Lu, the state underwent a putsch. At last, the Lu patriarchal clan as well as her painstaking Lu regime destroyed in one day.