美国内战与奴隶制(英文)

The Civil War and Slavery

美国内战有其自身的历史背景,一个是外国的入侵,另一个南北方之间就市场,劳动力,关税和奴隶制存在着诸多的争议.奴隶制只不过是其中的一个小小的争议.奴隶制是欧洲奴隶贸易和美国国内生产发展需要的结果.美国和英国都镇压过奴隶贸易,但是非法的奴隶贸易一直在继续.同时,由于美国国内经济发展的需要,国内的奴隶贸易也在继续.一直等到美国内战结束,奴隶制才逐渐地消亡.内战期间,国家的重建才是林肯政府至上的目标,而奴隶的解放只是战争的一项措施,它的局限性体现在对奴隶主进行赔偿和《解放宣言》上.又由于对奴隶的解放局限于某些地区,因而事实上《解放宣言》并没有立即奏效.渐渐地,越来越多的黑人加入了北方的军队,但是他们在很多方面并没有获得和白人一样的待遇.

The Civil War had its historical background. One was the foreign force's invasion, and the other was many controversies on market, labour, tariff and slavery between the North and the South. Slavery only was a minor issue. Slavery was a result of European slave trade and need for the production in American. The United States and England suppressed the slave trade, but the illicit business still continued. Meanwhile, because of the domestic need for economic development, the internal slave trade went on. Slavery did not perish until the Civil War ended. During the war, the restoration of the Union was Lincoln government's paramount object. The emancipation of slaves was merely an effective war measure and possessed limitations, which were embodied in the compensation to slaveholders and the emancipation proclamation. Since the emancipation was limited in certain scope, the proclamation had no immediate practical effect. Gradually, more and more black persons joined in the north army while they were not treated as white soldiers in many aspects.