冬小麦夏直播花生两熟制栽培钾肥用量与分配研究

A Study on K Fertilizer Amount and Distribution Ratio under the Rotation Planting System of Winter Wheat and Summer Peanut

采用二次饱和D-最优设计,建立了冬小麦夏直播花生两熟制条件下全年钾肥用量及其分配比例与小麦、花生产量及全年效益数学模型。分析表明,本试验条件下(土壤肥力中等偏上),小麦产量最高可达7631.9kg/hm2,当茬需施K2O169kg/hm2;产量>6000kg/hm2小麦当茬K2O适宜用量为138～219kg/hm2。花生对钾分配比例的反应,与全年施钾量有很大关系,当全年钾肥不足时,花生产量随前茬小麦分配比例的增加而下降;当全年钾肥充足,花生少施或不施,均可获得高产,因此,后茬花生施肥必须考虑前作小麦的施肥量。全年效益最高可达20921.2元/hm2,此时需施K2O247.5kg/hm2,前茬小麦占71.4%;全年效益>18000元/hm2K2O适宜用量为204.0～331.5kg/hm2,前茬小麦占66.3%～84.0%。

Mathematical models between K fertilizer amount, distribution ratio and yields of wheat and peanut and annual profit were set up by the adoption of Square Saturation Doptimized Design under the rotation planting system of winter wheat and summer peanut in the soil with middlehigh fertility. Results from analyzing the models showed: (1)The wheat yield can attain 7631.9 kg/ha at most and need 160 K2O kg/ha. The appropriate amount of K2O was 138～219 kg/ha on wheat for obtaining the wheat yield more than 6000 kg/ha. (2) The reaction of peanut to the K distribution ratio had great relation to the annual K amount. If the annual K amount was not enough, the peanut yield decreased with the increase of K distribution ratio on wheat. If the annual K amount was enough, less or no K application on peanut could also make the peanut yield high. So the K amount on peanut should take the K applying amount on wheat in consideration. (3) The highest annual profit can attain 2091.2 yuan/ha when the annual K2O was 247.5 kg/ha and 71.4% was allocated to wheat. The appropriate annual K2O amount was 204.0～331.5 kg/ha and 66.3% ～84.0% should be allocated to wheat for getting the annual profit more than 18000 yuan/ha.