β剂量仪和个人剂量计校准

Calibration of Beta Dosimeter and Personal Dosimeter

介绍了国际标准化组织核能标准化委员会辐射防护分委员会 (ISO/TC 85 /SC 2 )专门针对β剂量仪和个人剂量计校准编制的标准 ISO 6980 ,主要包括三个方面内容 :β粒子参考辐射的产生方法 ,即建立满足要求的β粒子参考辐射 ;有关表征辐射场基本量 (称为参考吸收剂量 )的准确测定 ;场所和个人剂量仪表校准和它们能量响应与角响应的确定。着重介绍表征辐射场基本量即定义在组织板型模体中深度为 0 .0 7mm处的组织吸收剂量的准确测定 ,以及用校准量即定向剂量当量 H′(0 .0 7,)和个人剂量当量 Hp(0 .0 7,)对β剂量仪和个人剂量计的校准程序。文中同时给出了用外推电离室测量吸收剂量的不确定度估计举例 。

This paper introduces ISO standard ISO 6980 which prepared especially for the calibration of beta dosimeter and personal dosimeter. The standard has three aspects including method of production of reference beta particle radiations, calibration fundamentals related to basic quantities characterizing the radiation field, and calibration of area and personal dosemters and the determination of their response as a function of beta radiation energy and angle of incidence. Here particular emphasis is placed on the determination of basic quantity of tissue absorbed dose at a depth of 0.07 mm in the tissue slab phantom and calibration procedure by mean of the calibration quantity of directional dose equivalent H′(0.07,Ω) and personal dose equivalent H p (0.07,Ω). Finally, combined standard uncertainty for the determination of absorbed dose rate and component uncertainties of calibration is given as examples.