学者社会的旨趣——从近代科学职业化谈起

The Objective of the Scholar's Society

17世纪中后期,欧洲科学逐渐实现了体制化,并形成以科学为业的学术共同体,与之同时,中国明清之际尽管有许多值得称道的,但基本上仍属于经验总结型的科学成就,却并没有出现类似的科学体制,一个重要原因就是中国学者社会尚未发生职业化的转变,他们的兴趣还是“为政治而做学问”,这种分野使得百年以后,欧洲启蒙主义运动和中国复古主义运动运用科学方法所追求的价值目标大异其趣。

In the mid 17th century, science in Europe realized the institutionalization gradually and science community came into being by vocationalization. At the same time,between the Ming and the Qing Dynasty in China, there were some scientific achievements which were praiseworthy but belonged to experience basically. Then there was no similar science institution in China to that one in Europe, because the scholar's society in China didn't change by vocationalization and the scholars were still interested in 'Studying For Politics'. The result of the dividing line is that the value aims of Chinese Movement back to the ancients were different from European Enlightenment in a century late.