冬季地面温度和500hPa高度场的适应关系及其客观诊断

ADJUSTMENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND 500-HPA HEIGHTS IN WINTER AND THEIR OBJECTIVE SPECIFICATION

实况资料表明,冬季地面的距平高温(或低温)往往对应于高空的距平高压(或低压)。为此,本文建立了一个地面温度距平和500 hPa高度距平之间只带一个比例系数的适应模式。如果这个比例系数看作坐标的函数,它比用常数作比例系数的适应模式更能反映客观实际。

It is shown from real data that warm (or cold) surface temperature anomaly usually corresponds with 500hPa height anomalous high (or low)for Jaunary and December. It is reasonable to develop an adjustment model with a proportional coefficient between them.The method calculating this proportional coefficient of surface temperature anomaly and 500hPa height anomaly is proposed in this paper. This coefficient is a function of space,or is a matrix in spherical harmonics. The 'future' weather can be specified by the adjustment model in which the matrix is obtained from the 'historical' data. The results show whether the specification of 500 hPa heights from surface temperature or vice versa has high quality. The correlation coefficient between the observation and specification for monthly mean fields is about 0.8. Furthermore, the longer the time averages and the more the 'historical' data, the better the results.