奇静脉系统的解剖学观察

Anatomical Observation of the Azygos Vein System

本文报告116例成人和24例儿童静脉系统的观察结果。奇静脉系可分5型:奇+副奇型(9.29±2.45%);奇+上、下半奇型(58.57±4.16%)奇+上、中、下半奇型(30.71±3.90%);奇+下半奇型(0.71±0.71%);奇+上半奇型(0.71±0.71%)。奇静脉汇入上腔静脉的高度,成人在T_(4-5)(96.55%),儿童在T_(2-4)((91.67%)。奇静脉弓上部分接收由上位2～5支肋间静脉的共干;弓下部分接收下位7～10支肋间静脉。右侧最上肋间静脉多数注入奇静脉或右无名静脉。下半奇静脉收集左侧下位2～9支肋间(肋下)静脉。上半奇静脉收集左侧上位2～9支肋间静脉,注入奇静脉者占79.37±3.60%。左侧最上肋间静脉大多数汇入上半奇静脉或左无名静脉。中半奇静脉收集左侧中部2～5支肋间静脉,并注入奇静脉。

The system of the azygos vein was studied on 140 cadavers of Chinese adults & children. The azygos venous system could he grouped into 5 type. Type 1: azygos+accessoy azygos(9.29%); Type 2: azygos+superior & inferior hemiazygos(58.57%); Type 3: azygos+superior & middle & inferior hemiazygos (30.71%); Type 4: azygos+superior hemiazygos (0.71%)); Type 5: azygos+inferior hemiazygos (0.71%). In adults the level of the azygos vein ends into the superior vena cava, being 1 or 2 vertebral bodies lower than in children. The upper part of the arch of the azygos vein receives the common trunk composed of (2—5)superior intercostal veins, while the lower part of the arch receives (7—10) lower intercostal (subcostal) veins. The right highst intercostal vein empties into the azygos or right veins on the left. The inferior hemiazygos vein collects (2—9)lower intercostal (subcostal)veins on the left. The superior hemiazygos vein collects (2—9) upper intercostal vein on the left. It empties into the azygos vein (79.37), & into the inferior hemiazygos vein (15.87%). The highest left intercostal vein mainly empties into the superior hemiazygos vein or the left anonymous vein. The middle hemiazygos vein collects (2—5)middle left intercostal vein & empties into azygos vein.