汉语词汇的“借用”和“移用”及其深层社会意义

A Sociolinguistic Study of Loan Words and Trans-use Words in Chinese Lexical System

自20世纪80年代以来,汉语词汇系统发生了显著的变化,表现在:(1)产生了大量新词、新语、新义;(2)各类词语的频繁“借用”和“移用”。汉语词语的“借用”和“移用”现象在语言学上意味着汉语普通话能反映中国社会发展变化的多样性和丰富性,因此也就更具有时代性和普遍性;就社会文化生活而言,汉语词语的“借用”和“移用”现象至少说明中国社会的语言生活正在走向:(1)开放和交融,(2)多元和互动,(3)宽松和包容,(4)社会文化层次的极大提高。汉语新词新语的大量产生以及各类词语“借用”和“移用”现象的兴盛为汉语语言学的发展提供了生动而丰富的研究素材,会促进汉语词汇学和社会语言学的繁荣。

This paper reports two of remarkable developments in Chinese lexical system during the past 20 years: 1) the extensive use of loan words not only from foreign languages, but from Chinese dialects and even from Chinese used in Hong Kong and Taiwan as well; 2) the frequent mutual trans-usage of words from different lexical levels in the whole system. Then the paper concludes in a sociolinguistic study of this progress that Chinese Putonghua now seems opener, richer and more popular than ever before.